GRAMMATICAL TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS’ ANALYSIS IN THE UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION OF STEVAN ZWAYG’S NOVELS “GOVERNOR”

Abstract

Stefan Zweig is one of the brightest representatives of Austrian literature. The writer is considered as a supporter of the psychological direction of realism. The image of man meant primarily a display of his inner world for him and it happened due to neglect of the reflection of the environment that directly shapes this world. Writers belonging to this trend have a tendency to move from the reproduction of the whole life path of the hero to the sketch of spiritual crises, turning points that most fully reveal his inner world. First of all, attention is focused on fixing the mental state of the characters, on their self-observation, on a detailed analysis of their experiences. Stefan Zweig is known as a master of artistically vividly depicting the psychological experiences and mental anguish of his characters. Due to this, there are some difficulties in the process of translating his short stories. The translator has a task not only to convey the text as close as possible to the original language, but also to recreate the dynamics of the work, emotional tension, deep subtext of the writer’s short stories by artistic means of the Ukrainian language. This process can be traced by analyzing the translation transformations used by the translator. This exploration will be about the analysis of grammatical transformations on the material of Stefan Zweig’s short story “The Governor”. Translation from one language to another is impossible without grammatical transformations. First of all, grammatical transformations are reorganization of a sentence, i. e. change of its structure. Despite the fact that German and Ukrainian belong to different groups of languages, they belong to the same group of syntactic classification of languages to nominative languages, for which the main characteristic is the use of the nominative case of a predicate, regardless of whether the verb is transitional or not. However, unlike German, which is characterized by strict rules on word order in a sentence, Ukrainian is synthetic language. This means that in our language there are cases of words, temporal forms are formed due to changes in word forms, and the order of words in a sentence can be arbitrary. That is why it seems interesting to study the various translation transformations that the translator uses in the process of translating Stefan Zweig’s short stories into Ukrainian.